What is the EU's CBAM and is it a sanctions regime?
The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (Regulation (EU) 2023/956) is not a sanctions regime — it is a carbon-pricing mechanism on imports of carbon-intensive goods. It is mentioned here because it is often confused with sanctions in compliance budgets and because CBAM declarations and verifications fall on importers and their customs brokers (definitive regime from 1 January 2026).