What is the EU Dual-Use Regulation?
Regulation (EU) 2021/821 (recast). Establishes the EU export-control framework for dual-use items listed in Annex I. Requires authorisation for exports outside the EU, brokering, transit, and technical assistance. Annex IV items require licensing even for intra-EU transfers. Catch-all controls apply to non-listed items intended for WMD or military end-use in embargoed destinations. Member states administer licensing through their national export-control authorities (BAFA in Germany, Customs in France, etc.).